2025年高考高一化學關于金屬及其化合物的方程式

　　"第三章金屬及其化合物-1-堿金屬Na(活潑)"

　　1,"鈉露置空氣中變暗","4Na+O2=2Na2O"

　　2,"鈉的燃燒","2Na+O2Na2O2(淡黃色)"

　　3,"鈉投入水中","2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2↑"

　　4,"鈉投入硫酸銅溶液中","2Na+2H2O+CuSO4=Na2SO4+Cu(OH)2↓+H2↑"

　　5,"氧化鈉的化學性質","Na2O+H2O==2NaOH"

　　,,"Na2O+CO2==Na2CO3"

　　6,"過氧化鈉的化學性質(強氧化性)","2Na2O2+2H2O==4NaOH+O2↑"

　　,,"2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O2"

　　,,"Na2O2+SO2==Na2SO4"

　　7,"碳酸鈉的性質","Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3"

　　,,"Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+CO2↑+H2O"

　　8,"碳酸氫鈉與酸,堿反應,不穩定性","NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+CO2↑+H2O"

　　,,"NaHCO3+NaOH=Na2CO3+H2O"

　　,,"2NaHCO3Na2CO3+CO2↑+H2O"

　　9,"焰色反應操作步驟","先要灼燒鉑絲成無色,做完一種離子的鑒別后,要用鹽酸洗,再灼燒至無色,再檢驗第二種離子."

　　10,"鈉,鉀的焰色","鈉:黃色鉀:紫色(透過藍色鈷玻璃觀察)"

　　"第三章金屬及其化合物-2-金屬鋁Al(兩性)"

　　1,"鋁的性質(強還原性,與酸,堿反應都放H2)","2Al+Fe2O32NaAlO2+3H2↑"

　　,,"2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2↑"

　　,,"2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2↑"

　　2,"氧化鋁的性質(兩性,與酸,堿反應生成鹽和水)","Al2O3+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2O"

　　,,"Al2O3+2NaOH=2NaAlO2+H2O"

　　3,"氫氧化鋁的性質(兩性,與酸,堿反應生成鹽和水)","Al(OH)3+3HCl=AlCl3+3H2O"

　　,,"Al(OH)3+NaOH=NaAlO2+H2O"

　　4,"硫酸鋁與氨水","Al2(SO4)3+6NH3·H2O=2Al(OH)3↓+3(NH4)2SO4"

　　5,"氫氧化鋁受熱分解","2Al(OH)3Al2O3+3H2O"

　　"第三章金屬及其化合物-3-金屬鐵Fe(變價)"

　　1,"鐵在氧氣中燃燒","3Fe+2O2Fe3O4"

　　2,"鐵與硫","Fe+SFeS"

　　3,"鐵與氯氣","2Fe+3Cl22FeCl3"

　　4,"紅熱的鐵與水蒸氣","3Fe+4H2O(g)Fe3O4+4H2↑"

　　5,"用鐵濕法制銅","Fe+CuSO4=FeSO4+Cu"

　　6,"氧化亞鐵與鹽酸","FeO+2HCl=FeCl2+H2O"

　　7,"氧化鐵與鹽酸","Fe2O3+6HCl=2FeCl3+3H2O"

　　8,"Fe(OH)3制取","FeCl3+3NaOH===Fe(OH)3↓+3NaCl"

　　9,"Fe(OH)2制取","FeSO4+2NaOH=Fe(OH)2↓+2H2O"

　　10,"置露空氣中","4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)3"

　　11,"氫氧化鐵的不穩定性","2Fe(OH)3Fe2O3+3H2O"

　　12,"銅與氯化鐵溶液","Cu+2FeCl3=CuCl2+2FeCl2(雕刻銅線路版)"

　　13,"氯化亞鐵中通氯氣","2FeCl2+Cl2=2FeCl3"

　　14,"三價鐵遇硫氰化鉀","Fe3++3SCN-=Fe(SCN)3(紅色)"

　　15,"赤鐵礦煉鐵","Fe2O3+3CO2Fe+3CO2"

　　"第四章非金屬及其化合物-1-無機非金屬材料的主角—硅"

　　1,"硅的燃燒","Si+O2SiO2"

　　2,"制粗硅","SiO2+2CSi+2CO"

　　3,"制碳化硅","SiO2+3CSiC+2CO"

　　4,"硅與氫氧化鈉","Si+2NaOH+H2O==Na2SiO3+2H2↑"

　　5,"SiO2與氫氧化鈉溶液","SiO2+2NaOH==Na2SiO3+H2O"

　　6,"二氧化硅與氫氟酸","SiO2+4HF=SiF4↑+2H2O"

　　7,"硅酸鈉制硅酸","Na2SiO3+2HCl==H2SiO3↓+2NaCl"

　　,,"Na2SiO3+CO2+H2O===H2SiO3↓+2Na2CO3"

　　8,"硅酸的不穩定性","H2SiO3H2O+SiO2"

　　9,"制水泥的原料","粘土和石灰石(CaCO3)"

　　10,"制玻璃的原料","純堿,石灰石,石英"

　　"第四章非金屬及其化合物2,富集在海水中的元素—氯"

　　1,"氯氣與金屬(鈉,銅,鐵反應)","2Na+Cl22NaCl(白煙)"

　　,,"Cu+Cl2CuCl2(棕色煙)"

　　,,"2Fe+3Cl22FeCl3(棕黃色煙)"

　　2,"氯氣與氫氣混合光照","H2+Cl22HCl(白霧)"

　　3,"氯氣使有色布條褪色","Cl2+H2O=HCl+HClO(HCLO有強氧化性)"

　　4,"次氯酸的不穩定性","2HClO2HCl+O2↑"

　　5,"氯氣尾氣的吸收","Cl2+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+H2O"

　　6,"漂白粉制取","2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=Ca(ClO)2+CaCl2+2H2O"

　　7,"漂白粉久置失效","Ca(ClO)2+CO2+H2O=CaCO3↓+2HClO"

　　8,"氯氣的置換反應","2Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2"

　　,,"Cl2+2KI===2KCl+I2(濕潤的KI淀粉試紙變藍)"

　　9,"實驗室制氯氣","MnO2+4HCl(濃)MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O"

　　10,"氯離子檢驗","Ag++Cl-=AgCl↓"

　　11,"照相底片成像原理","2AgBr2Ag+Br2"

　　"第四章非金屬及其化合物-3-硫和硫的化合物"

　　1,"硫與銅的反應","Cu+SCu2S"

　　2,"硫的化學性質(與鐵,汞等金屬和氫氣,氧氣等非金屬的反應","Fe+SFeS"

　　,,"Hg+S=HgS"

　　,,"H2+SH2S"

　　,,"S+O2SO2"

　　3,"SO2(與水反應和與O2催化氧化","SO2+H2O=H2SO3"

　　4,,"2SO2+O22SO3"

　　5,"三氧化硫溶于水","SO3+H2O=H2SO4"

　　6,"二氧化硫通入氯水","SO2+Cl2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HCl"

　　5,"濃硫酸的強氧化性(銅,碳的反應","Cu+2H2SO4(濃)CuSO4+SO2↑+H2O"

　　,,"C+2H2SO4(濃)CO2↑+2SO2↑+2H2O"

　　"第四章非金屬及其化合物-4-氮和氮的化合物"

　　1,"工業合成氨","N2+3H22NH3"

　　2,"雷雨發莊稼","N2+O22NO"

　　,,"2NO+O2=2NO2"

　　,,"3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO↑"

　　3,"氮的固定(固氮)","把N2轉變成氮的化合物的反應"

　　4,"NO與O2完全溶于水","4NO+3O2+2H2O=4HNO3"

　　5,"NO2與O2完全溶于水","4NO2+O2+2H2O=4HNO3"

　　6,"銅與濃硝酸","Cu+4HN03(濃)=Cu(NO3)2+2NO2↑+2H20"

　　7,"銅與稀硝酸","3Cu+8HN03(稀)3Cu(NO3)2+2NO↑+4H20"

　　8,"濃硝酸與碳","C+4HNO3(濃)=CO2↑+4NO2↑+2H2O"

　　9,"硝酸分解:","4HN032H20+4NO2↑+02↑"

　　10,"王水的成分","濃HNO3和濃HCl1:3"

　　11,"氨水的電離","NH3·H2ONH4++OH-"

　　12,"氨與酸反應","NH3+HCl==NH4Cl"

　　,,"NH3+HNO3==NH4NO3"

　　,,"2NH3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4"

　　13,"銨鹽受熱分解(不穩定性)","NH4ClNH3+HCl"

　　,,"(NH4)2CO32NH3↑+H2O+CO2↑"

　　,,"NH4HCO3NH3↑+H2O+CO2↑"

　　,,"2NH4NO32N2↑+4H2O+O2↑"

　　14,"氨氣的催化氧化","4NH3+5O24NO+6H2O"

　　15,"實驗室制氨氣","2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2CaCl2+2NH3↑+2H2O"

　　16,"銨離子的檢驗","NH4++OH-==H2O+NH3↑(濕潤紅色石蕊試紙變藍)"

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