2025年高考英語定語從句的非定語意義
來源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理 2024-12-11 08:48:07
英語定語從句主要表示定語意義，起限制或確定的作用。但在翻譯過程中，可有許多非定語的意義，而譯成某種狀語從句，或相當(dāng)于并列分句或獨(dú)立句
表示“原因”意義
表示“原因”的定語從句，其意義與原因狀語從句雷同，可譯為“因?yàn)?rdquo;、“由于”等。
例如 :
The tribunes, who feared that Caesar might win the people's support and seize the sole power, did not want them to be too favourable to him. (=The tribunes did not want the people to be too favourable to Caesar, because they feared he might win the people's support and seize the sole power.)
護(hù)民官們因?yàn)閾?dān)心凱撒會(huì)博得人民的擁戴，從而大權(quán)獨(dú)攬，所以不愿意人民對(duì)他過分地表示好感。
When Hitler came to power in Germany, Einstein, who was a Jew, found the doors of study closed to him.?
( = … Einstein found the doors of study closed to him because he was a Jew.)
當(dāng)希特勒在德國(guó)上臺(tái)時(shí)， 愛因斯坦發(fā)現(xiàn)科學(xué)研究的大門對(duì)他是關(guān)閉的， 因?yàn)樗莻�(gè)猶太人。
表示“結(jié)果”意義
表示“結(jié)果”的定語從句，可轉(zhuǎn)換為such …that，that等引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，常可譯為“因此”、“所以”等。
例如 :
…North China was hit by an unexpected heavy rain which caused severe flooding·?
(=... North China was hit by such an unexpected heavy rain that it caused severe flooding. )
華北遭受了一場(chǎng)意外的大雨，結(jié)果引起了嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi)。
The league member saved a child, for which he was praised?
(=The league member saved a child that he was praised.
共青團(tuán)員救了一個(gè)孩子，因此他受到了表揚(yáng)。
表示“目的”意義
這類從句略似于in order to，in order that或帶to不定式等表示的目的狀語，漢語可譯為“以便"等。
例如 :
Envoys were sent who should promote friendly relations with other countries.?
(= Envoys were sent so that friendly relations with other countries might be promoted.)
派出使節(jié)以便促進(jìn)與其他國(guó)家的友好關(guān)系。
They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.?
(= They set up separate state of their own in order that they might be free to keep Negroes as slaves there. )
他們建立起一個(gè)單獨(dú)的國(guó)家以便在那里可隨意地，把黑人當(dāng)作奴隸。
表示“條件”意義
這類定語從句通常表示一種先決條件，漢語可譯為“如果”、“只要”等。
例如 :
They said the clothes made of this magic cloth would be invisible to anyone who was unfit for the office he held.?
(= be invisible to him if anyone was unfit for the office he held.)
他們說用這種魔布縫制的衣服，如果哪個(gè)人不稱職，他就看不見。
A suggestion which will do a lot of good to the majority of the people is likely to be supported and accepted.?
(=If a suggestion will do a lot of good to the majority of the people, it is likely to… )
如果一個(gè)建議會(huì)給大多數(shù)人帶來許多益處的話，它就可能得到人們的支持，并被采納。
表示"讓步”意義
這類定語從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，常可譯為“雖然"、"盡管"等。
例如 :
This technique will help to minimize any increases in product costs which are inevitable in the present circumstances.?
(=This technique will help to minimize any increases in product costs though they are inevitable…)
這處技術(shù)將有助于使產(chǎn)品成本的增加數(shù)減至最小，雖然產(chǎn)品成本的增加在目前情況下是不可避免的。
Carl, who now holds an important position in a large chemical works, still remembers one afternoon in his first year when the professor took the students to the chemistry lab.?
(= Although he now holds an important position in a large chemical works, Carl still remembers….)
卡爾現(xiàn)在雖然在一家大化工廠擔(dān)任重要職務(wù)，但他至今還記得在他上大學(xué)一年級(jí)時(shí)有一天下午教授把學(xué)生帶到化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室去。
表示“對(duì)比”或“轉(zhuǎn)折”意義
這類定語從句在意義上相當(dāng)于并列連詞but或while連接的并列分句。
例如 :
Envoys were sent who should promote friendly
He is a scholar, which I’m not.?
(= He is a scholar while I'm not.)
他是個(gè)學(xué)者，然而我卻不是。
Trams, which disappeared from Britain many years ago, are still used in several European cities.?
(= Trams disappeared from Britain many years ago, but they are…)
有軌電車多年前就在英國(guó)銷聲匿跡了，現(xiàn)在歐洲大陸上有幾個(gè)城市卻還在使用。
The day, which opened brightly, closed with a storm.?
(= The day opened brightly but closed with a storm.)
這天清晨陽光燦爛，黃昏時(shí)卻大風(fēng)大雨。
表示“敘述”、“補(bǔ)充”和“評(píng)注”等意義
這類定語從句在意義上相當(dāng)于并列連詞and連接的并列分句或獨(dú)立的簡(jiǎn)單句。其從句一般都是非限制性的。
例如 :
He drew out two handfuls of golden sovereigns and handed them to John West, who passed them to Piggy. (=…to John West John West passed them to Piggy.)
他從口袋里掏出兩把價(jià)值一鎊的金幣，交給約翰·威斯特，約翰·威斯特就把這錢交給皮吉。
I threw the ball to Tom, who threw it to Ann.
?( = I threw the ball to Tom and he threw it to Ann.)
我把球扔給湯姆，湯姆又扔給安.
以上兩句都是表示"繼續(xù)敘述"的意義，即作者把故事繼續(xù)講下去。再看其他幾句：
These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up in France(=These books I picked up in France. They are only a small part of my collection.)
這些書是我在法國(guó)買的，它們?cè)谖业牟貢兄徽家恍〔糠帧?br />
Bertrand Russell, whose philosophical writings made a profound impact on philosophers all over the world, died in 1970. (=Bertrand Russell died in 1970. His philosophical writings made a profound impact on philosophers all over the world. )
伯特蘭德·羅素死于1970年，他的哲學(xué)著作對(duì)全世界的哲學(xué)家都有深刻的影響。
以上兩句中的非限制性定語從句都是用于補(bǔ)充情況，即提出更多的有關(guān)事實(shí)。以下幾句中的定語從句都是用于附加評(píng)注，即對(duì)前述事實(shí)提出說話者自己的看法。請(qǐng)比較：
He was ill in bed, which explains why he didn't tum up last night. (=He was ill in bed. This explains why…)
他患病在床，這就是他昨天晚上沒有來的原因。
He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair. (= he blamed me for everything. l thought this very unfair.)
他把一切問題都?xì)w罪于我，我認(rèn)為這很不公平。
He has given in his resignation, which was the best thing he could do in the circumstance. (= He has given in his resignation. This was the best thing…)
他已經(jīng)提出辭呈，這在當(dāng)時(shí)情況下是最好的辦法。
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