高考英語閱讀理解考點(diǎn)(2)

　　高頻考點(diǎn)二   干擾項(xiàng)特征

　　高考英語閱讀理解的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)就是命題人用以干擾考生思維的陷阱。高考英語中，由于詞匯量的限制，挑選的文章不能過難。命題人就在問題和干擾項(xiàng)上做文章，使考生即使能基本讀懂文章，也不能輕松做對題目。現(xiàn)在的干擾項(xiàng)不僅語言復(fù)雜，而且欺騙性強(qiáng)，兩個(gè)語言水平相當(dāng)、對文章理解程度相差不大的考生會(huì)因?yàn)閷Ω蓴_項(xiàng)的辨別能力不同，而影響答題的準(zhǔn)確率。為了提高辨別錯(cuò)誤和干擾信息的能力，有必要分析干擾項(xiàng)的種種特征，使考生在命題人設(shè)置的種種陷阱前，做到胸有成竹。

　　一、偷梁換柱

　　干擾項(xiàng)用了與文章中某一句話相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞，卻在考生易忽視的地方換了幾個(gè)單詞，造成句意的改變。

　　例1.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ·D片段)During the rosy years of elementary school(小學(xué)), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.

　　32．What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?

　　A．Unkind.　　　　　　    B．Lonely.

　　C．Generous.     D．Cool.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)上段的第一句“During the rosy years of elementary school(小學(xué)), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.”可知，作者在小學(xué)時(shí)樂于分享。unkind“不友好的”，lonely“孤獨(dú)的”，generous“慷慨的，大方的”，cool“酷的”，故選C。

　　二、張冠李戴

　　干擾項(xiàng)表述的內(nèi)容在原文里可以找到信息依據(jù)， 但與題干所問的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者不一致。不注意動(dòng)作主語的差異， 張冠李戴， 極易造成誤選。

　　例2.(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)

　　The Audience

　　Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld, 236 W．45th St.212-239-6200.)

　　2．Who is the director of The Audience?

　　A．Helen Mirren.     B．Peter Morgan.

　　C．Dylan Baker.     D．Stephen Daldry.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問的是“誰執(zhí)導(dǎo)了The Audience？”。根據(jù)該部分中的“Stephen Daldry directs.”可知答案。

　　三、絕對化表達(dá)

　　干擾項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)如all, none, everyone, each, everything, impossible 等絕對化的表達(dá)， 一般不符合客觀事實(shí)和原文信息。

　　例3.(2019·江蘇卷)Even more worryingly, the fascination with the internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up internet centres in rural villages. I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.

　　62．The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should ________．

　　A．take people’s essential needs into account

　　B．make their programmes attractive to people

　　C．ensure that each child gets financial support

　　D．provide more affordable internet facilities

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)上段中的“The question，however，is whether this is what the developing countries need the most.  Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and...in rural villages.”可知，作者想通過事例說明捐贈(zèng)者應(yīng)該考慮人們的基本需求，而不要片面地認(rèn)為有了高科技產(chǎn)品，受贈(zèng)者的生活水平就會(huì)產(chǎn)生巨大飛躍。故選A。

　　四、顛倒邏輯

　　干擾項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)語義邏輯的混亂， 即原文中出現(xiàn)的是A引起B(yǎng), 而選項(xiàng)中是B引起A，考生可能看到了文中出現(xiàn)過的詞語， 沒有細(xì)研究其邏輯意義， 從而造成誤選。

　　例4.(2019·江蘇卷)It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.

　　61．Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to ________．

　　A．a(chǎn) lack of confidence in technology

　　B．a(chǎn) slow progress in technology

　　C．a(chǎn) conflict or public opinions

　　D．a(chǎn) waste of limited resources

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上段中的“However，they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.”可知，對新技術(shù)影響的誤判導(dǎo)致了對稀缺資源的誤用，故選D。

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