高考必備英語基礎(chǔ)句型

　　There are four sentence types in English: Declarative, Imperative, Interrogative and Exclamatory.

　　英語有四種句子類型：陳述句、祈使句、疑問句和感嘆句。

　　Declarative: Tom'll come to the meeting tomorrow.

　　陳述句：湯姆明天來開會(huì)。

　　Imperative: Turn to page 232 in your science book.

　　祈使句：翻到你的科學(xué)書第232頁。

　　Interrogative: Where do you live?

　　疑問句：你住在哪里？

　　Exclamatory: That's awesome!

　　感嘆句：太棒了！

　　Declarative

　　陳述句

　　A declarative sentence "declares" or states a fact, arrangement or opinion. Declarative sentences can be either positive or negative. A declarative sentence ends with a period (.).

　　陳述句陳述事實(shí)、安排或觀點(diǎn)的陳述句。陳述句可以是肯定句，也可以是否定句。陳述句以句號(hào)（.）結(jié)尾。

　　I'll meet you at the train station./The sun rises in the East./He doesn't get up early.

　　我在火車站等你。/太陽從東方升起。/他起得不早。

　　Imperative

　　祈使句

　　The imperative form instructs (or sometimes requests). The imperative takes no subject as 'you' is the implied subject. The imperative form ends with either a period (.) or an exclamation point (!).

　　命令式形式指示（或有時(shí)請(qǐng)求）。祈使句不帶主語，因?yàn)?ldquo;你”是隱含主語。命令式形式以句點(diǎn)（.）或感嘆號(hào)（！）結(jié)尾。

　　Open the door./Finish your homework/Pick up that mess.

　　開門。/做完作業(yè)/收拾殘局。

　　Interrogative

　　疑問句

　　The interrogative asks a question. In the interrogative form, the auxiliary verb precedes the subject which is then followed by the main verb (i.e., Are you coming ....?). The interrogative form ends with a question mark (?).

　　疑問句用于問一個(gè)問題。在疑問句中，助動(dòng)詞先于主語，主語后接主語（即，你要來嗎…？）。疑問句以問號(hào)（？）結(jié)尾。

　　How long have you lived in France?/When does the bus leave?/Do you enjoy listening to classical music?

　　你在法國(guó)住了多久？/公共汽車什么時(shí)候開？/你喜歡聽古典音樂嗎？

　　Exclamatory

　　感嘆句

　　The exclamatory form emphasizes a statement (either declarative or imperative) with an exclamation point (!).

　　感嘆詞形式強(qiáng)調(diào)帶有感嘆號(hào)（！）的語句（聲明性或命令性）。

　　Hurry up!/That sounds fantastic!/I can't believe you said that!

　　快點(diǎn)！/聽起來棒極了！/真不敢相信你這么說！

　　Sentence Structures

　　句子結(jié)構(gòu)

　　Writing in English begins with the sentence. Sentences are then combined into paragraphs. Finally, paragraphs are used to write longer structures such as essays, business reports, etc. The first sentence structure is the most common:

　　英語寫作以句子開頭。句子然后合并成段落。最后，段落用于書寫較長(zhǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)，如論文、商業(yè)報(bào)告等。第一句結(jié)構(gòu)最常見：

　　Simple Sentences

　　簡(jiǎn)單句

　　Simple sentences contain no conjunction (i.e., and, but, or, etc.).

　　簡(jiǎn)單的句子不包含連詞（即，and，but，or等）。

　　Frank ate his dinner quickly./Peter and Sue visited the museum last Saturday./Are you coming to the party?

　　弗蘭克吃得很快。/彼得和休上星期六參觀了博物館。/你要來參加聚會(huì)嗎？

　　Compound Sentences

　　復(fù)合句

　　Compound sentences contain two statements that are connected by a conjunction (i.e., and, but, or, etc.). Practice writing compound sentences with this compound sentence writing exercise.

　　復(fù)合句包含兩個(gè)由連詞連接的語句（即and，but，or等）。用這個(gè)復(fù)句寫作練習(xí)練習(xí)寫復(fù)句。

　　I wanted to come, but it was late./The company had an excellent year, so they gave everyone a bonus./I went shopping, and my wife went to her classes.

　　我想來，但晚了。/公司今年過得很好，所以他們給每個(gè)人發(fā)了獎(jiǎng)金。/我去購物，我妻子去上課。

　　Complex Sentences

　　復(fù)合句

　　Complex sentences contain a dependent clause and at least one independent clause. The two clauses are connected by a subordinator (i.e, which, who, although, despite, if, since, etc.).

　　復(fù)句包含一個(gè)從屬從句和至少一個(gè)獨(dú)立從句。這兩個(gè)從句之間有一個(gè)從屬關(guān)系（即，誰，盡管，如果，自從，等等）。

　　My daughter, who was late for class, arrived shortly after the bell rang./That's the man who bought our house/Although it was difficult, the class passed the test with excellent marks.

　　我女兒上課遲到了，鈴響后不久就到了。/那是買我們房子的人。/雖然很難，但這個(gè)班以優(yōu)異的成績(jī)通過了考試。

　　Compound/Complex Sentences

　　復(fù)合句

　　Compound/complex sentences contain at least one dependent clause and more than one independent clause. The clauses are connected by both conjunctions (i.e., but, so, and, etc.) and subordinators (i.e., who, because, although, etc.)

　　復(fù)合句/復(fù)合句至少包含一個(gè)從句和多個(gè)獨(dú)立從句。這些從句由連詞（即but，so，and，etc）和從屬詞（即who，because，while，etc）連接起來

　　John, who briefly visited last month, won the prize, and he took a short vacation./Jack forgot his friend's birthday, so he sent him a card when he finally remembered./The report which Tom compiled was presented to the board, but it was rejected because it was too complex.

　　上個(gè)月短暫訪問過的約翰得獎(jiǎng)了，他休了個(gè)小假。/杰克忘了他朋友的生日，所以當(dāng)他終于記起時(shí)給他寄了一張卡片。/湯姆編寫的報(bào)告被提交給董事會(huì)，但由于太復(fù)雜而被否決了。

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