高中英語(yǔ)十六種時(shí)態(tài)用法詳解之過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
2011-09-28 16:03:31英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法網(wǎng)
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：中學(xué)英語(yǔ)涉及到的時(shí)態(tài)一共有16種，下面給大家準(zhǔn)備了過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用法說(shuō)明，希望對(duì)大家復(fù)習(xí)備考有幫助。
一、結(jié)構(gòu)形式
過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“had been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，因此無(wú)人稱變化。
二、用法歸納
1.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示持續(xù)到過(guò)去某時(shí)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作(可算是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的過(guò)去式)：
The ground was wet. It had been raining. 地是濕的。此前一直在下雨。
At last the bus came. I had been waiting for half an hour. 最后公共汽車來(lái)了，我已等了半小時(shí)。
She was out of breath. She had been running. 她氣喘吁吁，她一直在跑來(lái)著。
He gave up smoking last year. He’d been smoking for twenty years. 去年他戒煙了。他抽煙已經(jīng)二十年。
2.過(guò)去時(shí)間可用一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示：
When I first met her, she had been working in the company for ten years. 我第一次見(jiàn)到她時(shí)，她在那家公司已工作十年了。
I had not been waiting long when a taxi drew up. 我沒(méi)等多久就來(lái)了一輛出租車。
She had been looking at the parcel for some time before she realized that it was for her mother. 這包裹她看了好一會(huì)兒才明白這是寄給她媽的。
Until/Up till then she had been living with her daughter. 到那時(shí)為止她一直和她女兒一起住。
3.但在更多情況下過(guò)去時(shí)間由另一句子表示出來(lái)，毋需加上時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：
Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying. 她眼睛紅紅的，顯然她是哭了。
Jane was annoyed. Peter had been phoning her every night. 簡(jiǎn)很不高興。彼得一直每晚給打電話。
He was very tired. He had been working all day. 他很累。他干了一整天活。
She couldn’t understand him. She hadn’t been learning English long. 她不懂他的話。她學(xué)語(yǔ)的時(shí)間還不長(zhǎng)。
I woke up—I had been having a bad dream. 我醒了，我做了個(gè)惡夢(mèng)。
She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day. 她很累了。她整天都在打信件。
Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying. 她的眼睛紅了，顯然她剛哭過(guò)。
We had been doing business with each other for years before we quarrelled. 在吵翻之前，我們多年來(lái)在業(yè)務(wù)上一直來(lái)往。
When I first met Ann, she had been working for Exxon for 15 years. 我第一次遇到安的時(shí)候，她已在埃克森公司干了15年了。
Jenny was annoyed. Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week. 詹妮生氣了。整整一星期，吉姆天天晚上都給她打電話。
4.有時(shí)上下文可說(shuō)明是談過(guò)去的事，因此不需要時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：
She had been watching TV all day. 她看了一天的電視。
I had been reading your book. 我一直在看你寫的書(shū)。
The rain had been pouring all night. 傾盆大雨下了一整夜。
We had been travelling in many countries. 我們一直在許多國(guó)家旅游。
5.這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)也可用在某些從句中，這時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的動(dòng)作之前而對(duì)其有影響：
I heard you’d been looking for me. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你一直在找我。
That was just the letter I had been expecting. 這正是我一直期待的信。
That was exactly what we had been trying to do. 這正是我們一直想做的事。
I wanted to know what had been going on. 我想知道一直在發(fā)生什么事。
The drive increased the fatigue she had been feeling. 開(kāi)車增加了她一直感到疲憊感覺(jué)。
They said that they had been fighting for their rights all these years. 他們說(shuō)這些年來(lái)他們一直在為他們的權(quán)利而斗爭(zhēng)。
三、特別補(bǔ)充
1.凡不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞均不能有這種時(shí)態(tài)，但動(dòng)詞want (有時(shí)還有wish) 除外。如：
The boy was delighted with his new knife. He had been wanting one for a long time. 男孩對(duì)新小刀很高興。他早就想要一把了。
2.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
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