“一步登天”的高考英語五大閱讀考點

    在多年的教學過程中時常有同學問我：“老師，閱讀有沒有一步登天的技巧？使我只讀文章的一部分和提干就能選擇出正確的答案？”我說：“有。”同學接著問：“那閱讀有沒有一步登天的技巧？使我不讀文章只讀提干及選項就能選擇出正確的答案？” 我說：“有。”這些同學兩眼冒著綠光，接著問：“那閱讀有沒有一步登天的技巧？使我不讀文章不讀提干只讀選項就能選擇出正確的答案？” 我說：“有。”這些同學當時就崩潰了，用注視著外星人的眼光注視著我，用極其貪婪的語調接著問：“那閱讀有沒有一步登天的技巧？使我不讀文章不讀提干不讀選項就能選擇出正確的答案？” 我說：“一定，沒有。”其實，不讀文章不讀提干不讀選項，也不是一點方法都沒有，比如針對高考（論壇）的同學你可以統計一下歷年高考中那個選項正確的概率最高，你就猜哪一個，至少你正確的概率大于25%.

    那只讀文章的一部分和提干就能選擇出正確的答案，有什么技巧可言呢？我把它曖昧的叫做“五大常考考點”。那不讀文章不讀提干只讀選項就能選擇出正確的答案，抑或不讀文章不讀提干不讀選項就能選擇出正確的答案，有什么技巧可言呢？我把它驕傲的稱為“十大無賴原則”。今天我給大家講解的就是可愛的五大常考考點。

    第一點：開頭結尾常考

    在高中階段，我們常見的文章體裁有三種，分別是記敘文、說明文、議論文。記敘文開頭交待文章的時間、地點、人物關系，結尾往往總結出文章的主旨抑或有幾句含金量很高的句子，可以作為推斷題細節題滋生的天然土壤。說明文開頭總寫，每段第一句話總寫該段段意，最后一段下結論，總結全文。議論文開頭引出話題抑或提出論點，最后一段總結論點。從中同學們可以看出，無論是記敘文、說明文、議論文，文章中最重要最帥氣的段落，往往是開頭結尾，所以對于開頭結尾我們一定要認真理解，尤其是文章中的最后一段的最后一句話。

    例文：

    All were there to explore the ocean depths and to make plans for the use of its resources. Scientists hope to find enough mineral， vegetable， and animal wealth there to provide food for the entire world.

    1. The author wants to tell us___.

    A. that scientists try to measure the ocean depths

    B. that scientists try to make use of resources

    C. that the plant and animal life in the ocean remain unknown

    D. that scientists try to explore life in the ocean and make use of it

    點評：這是一道主旨題，通過文章的最后一段我們可以知道，正確答案是D.這題我我們也可以利用“十大無賴原則”中的綜合選項原則，只讀選項發現D選項是A、B選項的綜合，所以D選項正確的概率比較高。

    第二點：因果關系常考

    一篇文章中出現because/for/since/so/as a result等表示原因抑或結果的詞引導的語句，往往含金量非常高，是出題老師出細節題的最愛。

    例文：

    Fu‘s soup became the talk of the town. Many people came to see him. Once a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup. “I’ll tell you，” Fu said. “But if your restaurant going to sell the soup you must call it brains because of its shape and colour. And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother. ”

    1. The food is called brains because

    A. it looks like brains B. it has animal brains in it

    C. Fu‘s mother liked the name D. it makes one clever and live longer

    2. Before Fu told the restaurant owner what was in the food， one of the things he demanded was that

    A. the restaurant shouldn‘t offer any other food

    B. the restaurant should use his mother‘s name

    C. the shape of the food must never be changed

    D. the food must be used to help sick people

    點評：這同樣是一篇文章的最后一段，出現了兩道題目，而且第一題可以通過文中because of its shape and colour.選擇正確答案A.第二題這有最后一句話after my mother以母之名，可知選擇B.

    第三點：轉折關系常考

    我們在聽力中經常聽到某個男孩子約女孩子出去玩，女孩子一般回答。I‘d love to， but I am busy now.顯然強調的不是I’d love to而是but I am busy now.閱讀中也是一樣，出現but/however/whereas等表示轉折的詞引導的語句往往成為細節題的出題點。

    例文：

    All these early dives were deep. But the divers could not stay down for very long. They had to come back up to the surface after a few seconds. Scientists needed to stay down longer to study life below surface. Gradually they succeeded， Cousteau， a Frenchman， was able to keep men down to a depth of 36 feet for one month and to a depth of 90 feet for a week.

    1. Which of the following statements is true？

    A. The early divers could not stay down for very long

    B. Up to now only five women scientists have stayed in the undersea laboratory

    C. The purpose of undersea laboratories is to make plans for the resources in the ocean

    D. It is easy to explore the plant and animal life in the deep ocean

    點評：通過文章中的All these early dives were deep. But the divers could not stay down for very long我們可以知道正確答案是A.而其中的B選項可以利用“十大無賴原則”中的絕對化選項原則將其排除，因為出現only等絕對化的選項過于極端，往往是錯誤選項。

    第四點：比較關系常考

    這點同學們平時注意得很少，但是如果同學們有心，可以回去看一看你們考過的卷子就會發現比較關系出現的地方，十之八九都會有考題出現，當然這里的比較關系及包括了比較級也包括了最高級。原因很簡單，比較關系涉及幾個事物之間的比較，能夠很好地說明事物的特征，這樣的句子，對于出題老師來說具有很大的誘惑力。

    例文：

    Along the way， Pittsburgh University has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies， the more heat his body gives off. Boy students send out more heat than girl students， and the larger a student， the more heat he produces. It sounds rather reasonable to draw the following conclusion that the hottest prospect for the Pittsburgh University would be a hardworking， overweight boy student who is very clever in the university.

    1. Which of the following persons would produce the least heat？

    A. A fat boy students who is clever and studies hard

    B. A thin girl students who is not clever and does not study hard

    C. A thin boy students who is clever and studied hard

    D. A fat girl students who is both clever and hardworking

    2. In the last sentence， the “hottest prospect” refers to

    A. the person who produces the most heat

    B. the person who suffers most from heat

    C. the person who takes in the most heat

    D. the person who bears the most heat

    點評：由原文中比較級出現的部分不難得出第一題答案為B，第二題答案為A.

    第五點：數字關系常考

    文章中的數字，表明時間、特征量間的數量關系，對于說明事物特征具有文字所不能及的作用。

    例文：

    In the United States Government， the laws are made by the Congress， which has the House of Representatives and the Senate. They are almost equal in power. The House of Representatives is larger than the Senate whose 100 members serve for six years. The 435 members of the House are elected every two years， and the number from each state is determined by the population of the state.

    1. The House of Representatives has more members than the Senate.

    A. 100 B. 435

    C. 535 D. 335

    點評：由原文The House of Representatives is larger than the Senate whose 100 members serve for six years. The 435 members of the House are elected every two years可知答案為D.文中出現的數字為100和435，運用了減法。數字題往往需運用簡單的四則運數，但是絕對不可能出現開平方，求微分等高級的數學運數。