高考語(yǔ)法終極解析（七）——過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來(lái)完成時(shí)

　　學(xué)而思教師 呂騰飛

　　過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來(lái)完成時(shí)

　　難點(diǎn)形成原因：

　　1.不清楚用法。

　　2.未注意與它搭配的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

　　解決辦法：

　　1．徹底理解過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來(lái)完成時(shí)基本用法。

　　2．注意與它搭配的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

　　用法講解：

　　一、 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　（一）構(gòu)成：過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由"had been +現(xiàn)在分詞"構(gòu)成。

　　She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考試之前一直患重感

　　Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個(gè)消息有一段時(shí)間了吧？

　　（二）用法:

　　1. 表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

　　過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間。和過(guò)去完成時(shí)一樣，過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也必須以一過(guò)去時(shí)間為前提。過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài), 上下文中須有明示或暗示的作為參照的過(guò)去的時(shí)間。

　　I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 這東西我找了好多天才找著。

　　They had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他們只等了幾分鐘車(chē)就來(lái)了。

　　2. 表示反復(fù)的動(dòng)作。

　　He had been mentioning your name to me. 他過(guò)去多次向我提到過(guò)你的名字。

　　3. 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還常用于間接引語(yǔ)中。

　　The doctor asked what he had been eating. 醫(yī)生問(wèn)他吃了什么。

　　I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我問(wèn)他們那些天呆在哪兒。

　　4. 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)之后也可接具有"突然"之意的when分句。

　　I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我剛看了幾分鐘他就進(jìn)來(lái)了。

　　She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.

　　她溫習(xí)功課才一會(huì)兒，她妹妹就打斷她了。

　　（三）過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的比較:

　　She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy.

　　她已經(jīng)打掃過(guò)辦公室了，所以很整潔。   (強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)

　　She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside.

　　她一直在打掃辦公室，所以我們不得不在外面等著。  (強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行)

　　二、將來(lái)完成時(shí)

　　（一）構(gòu)成：will/shall have +過(guò)去分詞

　　We hope it will have stopped raining before we set off for the picnic.

　　我們希望在出發(fā)去野餐以前雨就已經(jīng)停了。

　　I'll have done all the work by the time you are back this evening.

　　你們今晚回來(lái)的時(shí)候我就將做完所有的工作了。

　　（二）用法：

　　1. 表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻將完成或在另一個(gè)未來(lái)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。

　　注意：常與將來(lái)完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：

　　①    by (the time / the end of ) + 表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)和句子；

　　②    before (the end of ) + 表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)或句子；

　　③    when, after等加上表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作的句子等。 例如：

　　By the year 2050, scientists probably will have discovered a cure for cancer.

　　到2050年，科學(xué)家們可能已經(jīng)找到治愈癌癥的方法了。

　　By the time you arrive in London, we will have been staying in Europe for two weeks.

　　等你到達(dá)倫敦的時(shí)候，我們將已經(jīng)在歐洲呆了兩星期了。

　　2. 在時(shí)間從句和條件從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作。例如：

　　You'll get to like the subject after you have studied it for some time.

　　在學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)學(xué)科一段時(shí)間之后，你就會(huì)喜歡它的。

　　I'll go and see the exhibition as soon as I have finished my work.

　　我一做完作業(yè)就去看展覽。

　　3. 將來(lái)完成時(shí)還可以表示"可能性"，或"設(shè)想"。例如：

　　It's five o'clock；they will have arrived home by now.

　　已經(jīng)五點(diǎn)鐘了，他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)到家了。

　　（三）將來(lái)完成時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的比較：

　　有具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：

　　Mr Smith will return home on the first Sunday next month. 史密斯先生將于下月的第一個(gè)星期日回家。

　　將來(lái)完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般用介詞by引入，如：

　　Mr Smith will have returned home by next month. 到下個(gè)月史密斯先生將已回到家了。

　　典例精析：

　　1. They ________ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ________ it as no good results have come out so far. (2005 江蘇)

　　A. had been working; are still working     B. had worked; were still working

　　C. have been working; have worked       D. have worked; are still working

　　答案：A。

　　解析：不難看出第一空的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在I joined them以前，且持續(xù)了一個(gè)周，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；and now說(shuō)明下面的動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行之中，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選A。

　　2. Father ______ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn't see him. (2005 福建)

　　A. has left     B. left        C. was leaving      D. had left

　　答案：D。

　　解析：由"I didn't see him"可知父親在我回來(lái)以前已經(jīng)離開(kāi)，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作以前，故選用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。答案D。

　　3. The policeman's attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ______ placed under the Minister's car. (2005 廣東)

　　A. has been        B. had been        C. was being     D. would be

　　答案：B。

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