每周一練：定語從句（一）
來源：智康1對1 2014-10-28 11:30:22
一、定語從句的形式
1．定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。
2．先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫，短語或句子叫先行詞。
3．關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。
關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；關系副詞有when,where,why等。
關系詞通常有下列三個作用：A、引導定語從句；B、代替先行詞；C、在定語從句中擔當一個成分。
例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.該句中，who is shaking hands with my father是定語從句，修飾先行詞the man，“who”是引導定語從句的關系詞，代替先行詞the man，在定語從句中作主語。
二、關系詞的選擇
1．選用哪個關系詞，關鍵是看關系詞在定語從句中作什么成分
含有定語從句的復合句可以分為兩部分：主句和從句。關系詞是定語從句的一個成分。選用關系詞，要看關系詞在定語從句中作什么成分，而不是看先行詞是什么詞性。
句1：He worked in the factory which produces TV sets.
句2：He worked in the factory where his father had worked.
句3：I like the school which is near to my home.
句4：I like the school where my sister studies.
在句1和句2中，先行詞前都有in, 但關系詞有用which也有用where的；
在句3和句4中，先行詞都是the school, 但關系詞有用which也有用where的。
因此，我們可以看出，對關系詞起決定性作用的并不是先行詞。
在句1和句3中，關系詞在定語從句中都是作主語，因此用的都是關系代詞which；
在句2和句4中，關系詞在定語從句中都是作狀語，因此都是用關系副詞where。
我們可以看出，用哪個關系詞，主要看關系詞在定語從句中作什么成分。
2. 選用關系詞的方法：一“找”二“還”三“替換”
找：就是找出主句、從句、先行詞和關系詞。
還：根據先行詞提示的意思，大膽地把定語從句還原為完整的一句話。（可以添詞）
替換：用關系詞替換定語從句中還原后添加的部分，作主語和賓語用關系代詞，作狀語用關系副詞。（時間狀語用when，地點狀語用where, 原因狀語用why）（同初中時做的“對畫線部分提問”相似，該用what的時候用which/that即可）
例如：
This is the school ______ I once studied.
This is the school ______ is the most famous in the city.
I am studying at a school ______ my father teaches English.
找：（略）
還原：根據先行詞的提示，這三句話的定語從句還原成完整的一句話后分別為：
I once studied at the school.
The school is the most famous in the city.
My father teaches English at the school.
粗斜體部分為根據先行詞的意思把關系詞還原后的部分。
替換：根據 “對畫線部分提問”的規則，1.和3.用where, 2.本該用what, 在定語從句中該用what的要換為which/that。
因此，答案為：1.where；2. that/which；3. Where
3. 關系詞一般要位于定語從句的句首
The house I grew up ______ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
答案與分析：A沒有關系詞，不能連接兩句話；C介詞后不能用that；D關系詞一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是關系代詞作賓語、放在句首并且省略了。因此選B。
三、關系代詞
關系代詞在定語從句中充當主語、賓語和定語
注意1：只能用that不用which或者who的情況：先行詞前有下列詞出現時只能用that
“第一個最好的特指人物嗎？不一定，有疑問。”
注意2：只能用which或者who不用that的情況：
1）有介詞時，介詞+which (介詞只能與which/whom連用)
2）在非限定定語從句（有逗號的定語從句）
3）先行詞為that/those時：What’s that which is floating on the river?
四、綜合練習
（一）把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復合句：
1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.
____________________________________________________________________
2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.
____________________________________________________________________
3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.
____________________________________________________________________
4. The students will not pass the exam. They don’t study hard.
____________________________________________________________________
5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.
____________________________________________________________________
6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.
____________________________________________________________________
7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.
____________________________________________________________________
8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.
____________________________________________________________________
9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.
____________________________________________________________________
10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.
____________________________________________________________________
11. John is a very kind-hearted man. You can turn to him for help.
____________________________________________________________________
12. The book is written by that famous writer. I am very interested in it.
____________________________________________________________________
13. Tom is the boy. I went to the cinema with him together.
____________________________________________________________________
14. Have you remembered the factory? We worked in it last year.
____________________________________________________________________
15. It is the gold diamond. I spent all my money on it.
____________________________________________________________________
16. The old Olympic Games could date back to 776 BC. The modern games come from it.
____________________________________________________________________
17. I have nine friends in America. Four of them work as doctors.
____________________________________________________________________
18. The woman has just won a gold medal. I read about her in the newspaper.
____________________________________________________________________
19. The house is 7 kilometers away. I was born in it.
____________________________________________________________________
20.This is the very farm. My father used to work on it.
_______________________________________________________________
（二）翻譯句子
1.這就是救了孩子生命的醫生
____________________________________________________________________
2.她就是我要介紹給你的新學生
____________________________________________________________________
3.請遞給我擺在桌上的那本書。
____________________________________________________________________
4.湯姆買的小說很有意思。
____________________________________________________________________
5.你能把昨天談到的那本雜志借給我嗎？
____________________________________________________________________
6.那位教授是威廉斯他的女兒教你英語。
____________________________________________________________________
7.那輛壞了輪胎的自行車現在已經修好了。
____________________________________________________________________
8.正在彈鋼琴的那位婦女是張小姐。
____________________________________________________________________
9.我想看那些剛上映的電影。
____________________________________________________________________
10.他們談起他們所記得起的學校里的人和事，談了大約有半個小時。
____________________________________________________________________
11.我要告訴你我所知道這件事的一切情況。
____________________________________________________________________
12.有什么我可以幫助做的事嗎？
____________________________________________________________________
13.我把你需要的東西都拿來了。
____________________________________________________________________
14.這是我看過的最好的一部電影。
____________________________________________________________________
15.我們要參觀的第一個地方是北京圖書館
____________________________________________________________________
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